Television system with aided user program searching

ABSTRACT

A system having an adaptive browse feature and an adaptive flip feature is provided. The adaptative browse and flip features may be selected to receive program viewing suggestions. The system may provide a suggestion by displaying an adaptive browse region or adaptative flip region including a program suggestion. The system identifies programs to suggest based on a user=s viewing activity. The system uses different algorithms that are user-selectable and user-adjustable to identify program suggestions. The system may query a program guide database to build a list of programs having attributes similar to the attributes of the current program or the last viewed program. The system may use an adaptive learning algorithm such as a neural network. The neural network may be trained by the program guide by monitoring user-viewing activity. 
     Each algorithm may be personalized for multiple users.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No.60/093,197, filed Jul. 17, 1998.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to television systems, and more particularly, totelevision systems such as interactive television program guide systemshaving aided user program searching.

Cable, satellite, and broadcast television systems provide a largenumber of television channels.

Typically, the number of channels provided by cable and satellitesystems is over a hundred and ever increasing. Television viewers havetraditionally consulted printed television program schedules to obtainprogramming information. More recently, interactive electronictelevision program guides have been developed to allow televisionprogram information to be displayed on viewer television equipment.

Interactive electronic television program guides (Aprogram guides@)typically provide program listings of all channels available in thetelevision system. Some program guides include features for allowingusers to scan through channel information or programs in order to selecta program to access.

As detailed in Knee et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,892, a program guide mayinclude browse and flip for user program searching. The browse featurepresents a browse overlay region on the user=s television screen thatcontains a program listing. The user may use up and down arrow keys takeaction from a user input interface device to direct the browse overlayto scan the listings on other channels while remaining tuned to thecurrent channel. This allows the user to browse available programlistings without missing any of the program on the current channel. Theflip feature presents a flip overlay region on the user=s televisionscreen that contains a program listing. The user may flip through theselistings. As the user changes channels, the program listing in the flipdisplay region is updated to match the program on the current channel.With either the browse or flip feature, finding a suitable program forviewing may require scanning through individual program listings fornumerous channels. Scanning through such a large number of channels tofind a suitable program for viewing may be time-consuming andcumbersome.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide atelevision system that monitors a user=s television viewing activity andsuggests programs for the user to view.

Is it also an object of the present invention to provide a televisionsystem that displays suggested program listings and that allows the userto browse the suggested program listings using an adaptive browsefeature.

It is also a further object of the present invention to provide atelevision system that displays suggested program listings and thatallows the user to flip through the suggested listings using an adaptiveflip feature.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

These and other objects of the invention are accomplished in accordancewith the principles of the present invention by providing a system thatmonitors the television viewing of a user. The system determines theuser's interests from the user's viewing activities and displays programlistings for suggested programs. The user may browse through suggestedprogram listings using an adaptive browse feature or may flip throughsuggested program listings using an adaptive flip feature.

The system maintains a database of program listings. The database may bemaintained on each user's television equipment (e.g., on each user'sset-top box), may be maintained on a central server (e.g., at the user'scable system headend) or other suitable platform. Each program listinghas associated program attributes such as genre (comedy, movies, sports,etc.), rating (TV-G, PG, etc.), critic's rating (one star, two stars,etc.), actors, scheduled program length, and other related parametersthat can be tagged to a program. The system may compare the attributesof the programming that is viewed by the user with the attributesassociated with the program listings in the database to locate suitablematches. The program listings whose program attributes most closelymatch the attributes of the program listings are presented to the useras viewing suggestions. If desired, the system may take into account thelength of time the user views programs or other such criteria. Programsthat are viewed the most may be given relatively higher weights thanprograms that the user only partially viewed.

The system may recommend programming based on the program attributes ofthe current program being viewed, the last program that was viewed,programming in general that the user has recently viewed, or the programattributes of some other suitable set of programming. The user may bepresented with an option to choose whether the system bases itsrecommendations on the current program, the last program, or programminggenerally. In addition, the user may adjust weighting factors and othersettings that influence the algorithm used by the system to make programsuggestions. A neural network algorithm may be used to make programmingsuggestions.

The user may browse through suggested program listings using an adaptivebrowse feature. The adaptive browse feature displays an adaptive browseregion on the user's television screen as a current television programis being displayed. The adaptive browse region contains a suggestedprogram listing. The user may take actions from a user input interfacedevice to scan through suggested program listings for other channelswithout interrupting the current television program.

The user may flip through suggested program listings using an adaptiveflip feature. The adaptive flip feature displays an adaptive flip regionon the user's television screen as the current television program isdisplayed. The adaptive flip region contains a suggested programlisting. The user may scan through suggested program listings by takingactions from a user input interface device. Each time a user requestsanother suggestion, the system displays the next available suggestedprogram listing, tunes the user's television equipment to that channel,and displays the program that is currently on that channel.

The system may be implemented by integrating the adaptive flip andadaptive browse features into an interactive television program guide.The adaptive flip and browse features may also be implemented as part ofother applications or as part of a stand-alone application.

If the system supports both regular flip and browse features (in whichall available programs listings are presented) and adaptive browse andflip features (in which only suggested program listings are presented),the user may be provided with an opportunity selectively enable theadaptive flip and browse features. The adaptive flip and browse featuresmay be invoked using dedicated keys, certain combinations of keys,switches, menu options, or any other suitable technique. When theadaptive flip and browse features have been turned on, these featuresmay be invoked in the same ways that regular flip and browse featuresare invoked.

These and other objects of the invention are accomplished in accordancewith the principles of the present invention by providing an interactivetelevision program guide system having an interactive television programguide application

Further features of the invention, its nature and various advantageswill be more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the followingdetailed description of the preferred embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an illustrative interactive television programguide system in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of an illustrative remote control inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive browse display region on atelevision screen, an adaptive browse display region on a televisionscreen that may be provided when a navigational key of a remote controlis pressed, and a television screen that may be provided when a programlisting is selected in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive browse display region on atelevision screen, an adaptive browse display region on a televisionscreen that may be provided when a navigation key of a remote control ispressed, and an adaptive browse display region on a television screenthat may be provided when a program listing is selected in accordancewith the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anembodiment of an adaptive browse feature in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive browse display region on atelevision screen, an adaptive browse display screen on a televisionscreen that may be provided when a Aright@ navigation key of a remotecontrol is pressed, and an adaptive browse display region on atelevision screen that may be provided when a Adown@ navigation key of aremote control is pressed in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anadaptive browse display region in response to user selection of a remotecontrol navigation key in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive browse display region andan on-screen adaptive browse confirmation on a television screen thatmay be provided after a user presses a sequence of remote control keysin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a browse display region and anon-screen adaptive browse confirmation on a television screen that maybe provided after a user presses a sequence of remote control keys inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive browse display screenhaving an adaptive browse display region and a compressed video displayregion in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a navigator display screen, a browsesetup display screen that may be provided when a user selects browsesetup, and a television screen that may be provided when a browse setupdisplay screen is exited in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anon-screen confirmation of adaptive browse mode in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anadaptive browse display region based on attributes of the currentlydisplayed program in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anadaptive browse display region based on attributes of the last displayedprogram in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing alist of programs for an adaptive browse display region based onattributes of user-viewed programs in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 16 a is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing alist of programs based on the currently displayed program in accordancewith the present invention.

FIG. 16 b is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing alist of programs based on a previously displayed program in accordancewith the present invention.

FIG. 16 c is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing alist of programs based on television viewing habits in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of an illustrative navigator display screen, asetup display screen that may be provided when Asetup@ is selected, andan adaptive browse criteria settings display screen in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing alist of programs using an adaptive learning algorithm in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing atrained neural network in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram of an illustrative navigator display screen, asetup display screen that may be provided when Asetup@ is selected, andan adaptive browse criteria settings display screen in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of an illustrative adaptive browse criteriasettings display screen that may include a user-selectable adjusttrained neural network portion, an adaptive browse criteria settingsdisplay screen that may be provided when the adjust trained neuralnetwork option is selected, and an adaptive browse criteria settingsdisplay screen that may be provided when an add/select option isselected in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive flip display region on atelevision screen, a corresponding adaptive flip display region on atelevision screen that may be provided when a channel-up key of a remotecontrol is pressed, and an adaptive flip display screen that may beprovided when the channel-up key of the remote control is pressed againin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive flip display screen havingan adaptive flip display region with a compressed video display region,an adaptive flip display screen having an adaptive flip display regionand a compressed video display region that may be provided when an achannel-up key of the remote control is pressed, and a television screenthat may be provided when a program is selected for viewing inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anadaptive flip feature in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a navigator display screen, a flipsetup display screen that may be provided when flip setup is selected,and a television screen that may be displayed after the flip setupdisplay screen is exited in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 26 is flow chart of illustrative steps involved in providing anon-screen confirmation of adaptive flip mode in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram of an illustrative navigator display screen, asetup display screen that may be provided when Asetup@ is selected, andan adaptive flip criteria settings display screen in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a navigator display screen, a setupdisplay screen that may be provided when Asetup@ is selected, and anadaptive flip criteria settings display screen in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive flip criteria settingsdisplay screen that may include a user-selectable adjust trained neuralnetwork option, an adaptive flip criteria settings display screen thatmay be provided when the adjust trained neural network option isselected, and an adaptive flip criteria settings display screen that maybe provided when an add/select option is selected in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a grid display screen that isdisplayed when an Aother shows@ option is selected, a pop-up displayregion that is displayed when a list option is selected, and a griddisplay region.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An illustrative interactive television program guide system 50 inaccordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. Main facility52 includes a program guide database 54 for storing program guideinformation (e.g., television program listings data, program-relatedinformation, service listings data, service-related information,pay-per-view ordering information, television program promotionalinformation, etc.).

Main facility 52 preferably includes a processor to handle informationdistribution tasks. Information from database 54 may be transmitted inparallel via communication links such as communication link 58 tomultiple television distribution facilities such as televisiondistribution facility 56. Only one television distribution facility isshown in FIG. 2 to avoid over complicating the drawings. Eachcommunication link 58 may be a satellite link, a telephone network link,a combination of such links, or another suitable communication path.Text, graphics, and video data signals may be transmitted over link 58.If it is desired to transmit video signals over communication link 58, arelatively high bandwidth link such as a satellite link is generallypreferable to a relatively low bandwidth link such as a telephone line.

Television distribution facility 56 is a facility such as a cable systemheadend, a broadcast distribution facility, or a satellite televisiondistribution facility for distributing television signals to viewers.

The program guide information transmitted by main facility 52 totelevision distribution facility 56 includes television program listingsdata such as program times, channels, titles, descriptions, etc.Transmitted program guide information may include pay program data suchas pricing information for individual programs and subscriptionchannels, time windows for ordering programs and channels, telephonenumbers for placing orders that cannot be impulse ordered, etc.

Television distribution facility 56 may distribute program guideinformation received from main facility 52 to user television equipment58 via communication paths 60. User television equipment 58 may be anysuitable equipment for providing television that contains sufficientprocessing capabilities to monitor viewing activities, analyze theseactivities and display appropriate program listings information for theuser.

Communication paths 60 may be cable links, fiber optic links, satellitelinks, broadcast links, or other suitable link, or a combination of suchlinks. Any suitable communications scheme may be used to transmit dataover paths 60, including in-band transmissions, out-of-bandtransmissions, digital transmissions, analog transmissions, cabletransmissions, satellite transmissions, over-the-air transmissions,multichannel multipoint distribution services (MMDS) transmissions, etc.

Communication paths 60 preferably have sufficient bandwidth to allowtelevision distribution facility 56 to distribute televisionprogramming, program listings information, advertisements, and otherinformation to user television equipment 58. Multiple television andaudio channels (analog, digital, or both analog and digital) may beprovided to user television equipment 58 via communication paths 60. Ifdesired, some of the data may be distributed to user televisionequipment 58 by one or more distribution facilities that are separatefrom television distribution facility 56 using communication paths thatare at least partly separate from communication paths 60.

The data distribution technique that is used to distribute data on paths60 may depend on the type of information that is being distributed. Forexample, text and graphics may be distributed over an out-of-bandchannel using an out-of-band modulator or distributed in the verticalblanking interval lines of an analog video channel. Video informationmay also be distributed in this way, although large quantities of videoinformation may be more efficiently distributed using one or moredigital channels or streams on paths 60. Such digital channels orstreams may also be used for distributing text and graphics.

Each user television equipment device 58 has a receiver which istypically a set-top box such as set-top box 62. The receiver may also beother suitable television equipment such as an advanced televisionreceiver into which circuitry similar to set-top-box circuitry has beenintegrated or a personal computer television (PC/TV). For illustrativepurposes, the present invention will be described in the context of usertelevision equipment 58 that uses set-top boxes.

Each set-top box 62 preferably contains a processor to handle tasksassociated with implementing an application on the set-top box 62 thatassists the user in searching for programs related to the programs theuser is watching. For example, a stand-alone application may be providedthat supports adaptive browse and adaptive flip modes, as described morefully below. If desired, these tasks may be implemented using a programguide application. For clarity, the present invention will be describedprimarily in the context of such a program guide application and in thecontext of a program guide system. However, many aspects of theinvention may be practiced in other types of systems or with other typesof applications if desired.

Each set-top box 62 is typically connected to an optional videocassetterecorder 66 so that selected television programs may be recorded.Videocassette recorder 66 is typically connected to a television 68.

To record a program, set-top box 62 tunes to a particular channel andsends control signals to videocassette recorder 66 (e.g., using infraredtransmitter 70) that instructs video cassette recorder 66 to start andstop recording at the appropriate times.

Television program listings, advertisements, programming information,and other information may be displayed on television 68. Set-top box 62,videocassette recorder 66, and television 68 may be controlled using oneor more remote controls or may be controlled using any other suitableuser input interface device such as a wireless keyboard, mouse,trackball, dedicated set of keys, etc.

Certain program guide features, such as pay program purchasing, thepurchasing of products or services, and data collection functions, mayrequire that user television equipment 58 transmit data to televisiondistribution facility 56 over communications paths 60. If desired, suchdata may be transmitted over telephone lines or other separatecommunications paths. If features such as these are provided usingfacilities separate from television distribution facility 56, some ofthe communications involving user television equipment 58 may be madedirectly with the separate facility (not shown).

If desired, an interactive television program guide may be implementedusing a data-relay architecture. In such an architecture, televisiondistribution facility 56 may serve as a data relay site and usertelevision equipment 58 may be a data destination site. For example, astelevision distribution facility 56 receives information from mainfacility 52, television distribution facility 56 may continuously orperiodically distribute information to user television equipment 58. Ina data-relay architecture, a program guide implemented on usertelevision equipment 58 may use a database (e.g., database 64) forstoring program guide information at user television equipment. Programguide information may include program listings and program attributes.Program attributes may be information such as program title, programactors, program duration, program genre (e.g., sports, comedy, movies,etc.), program channel, scheduled program duration, program rating(e.g., TV-G, PG-13, etc.), program content rating (or critics=rating orstar rating, e.g., 1 star, two stars, etc.) and other related parametersthat can be tagged to a program. Television distribution facility 56 mayalso poll set-top boxes periodically for certain information (e.g., payprogram account information or information regarding programs that havebeen purchased and viewed using locally-generated authorizationtechniques).

The features of the present invention may be implemented in aclient-server arrangement or in a combination client-server anddata-relay arrangement.

For clarity, the present invention is sometimes described primarily inthe context of program guides that are implemented on user televisionequipment rather than in the context of program guides that areimplemented partially on a server and partially on user televisionequipment or a more fully server-based architecture.

For illustrative purposes, the present invention is discussed in thecontext of using a remote control for the user input interface device.An illustrative remote control 80 is shown in FIG. 2. Remote control 80may include up-navigation key 82, down-navigation key 84,right-navigation key 86, left-navigation key 88, OK key 90 (alsosometimes called an enter or select key—for clarity all of which arereferred to as an OK key), channel-up key 92, channel-down key 94,switch 96, adaptive browse function key 98, adaptive flip function key100, numeric key pad 102, and dedicated function keys 104 a, 104 b, and104 c. Navigation keys 82, 84, 86, and 88 may also be known as arrowkeys. Other remote control keys may include an information AINFO@ key, arecord key, a volume control key, etc.

A highlight window in a program guide display screen may be moved in adesired direction using navigation keys 82, 84, 86, and 88. Data entrymay be accomplished using OK key 90. Channel tuning control may beaccomplished using channel-up and channel-down keys 92 and 94. Switch 96may have plural positions for providing predetermined program guidemodes or settings. Numeric key pad 102 may include number keys (notshown) for entry of numbers when necessary. Adaptive browse function key98 and adaptive flip function key 100 may provide dedicated control ofadaptive browse and adaptive flip modes respectively. Access to theadaptive flip and adaptive browse modes may be accomplished using keysother than adaptive browse function key 98 and adaptive flip functionkey 100. Dedicated button keys 104 a, 104 b, and 104 c may havededicated functionality for reducing the number of keys necessary foraccessing program guide features. Use and operation of remote controlkeys are further discussed below in relation to program guide displayscreen and program guide control.

As shown in FIG. 3, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative adaptive browse display region 110 on illustrativetelevision display screen 112, illustrative adaptive browse displayregion 114 on illustrative television display screen 116, andillustrative television screen 118. Television screen 112 may includevideo for a program, Star Trek Deep Space Nine, airing on acurrently-tuned channel. When a user presses an adaptive browse functionkey on a remote control 80, adaptive browse display region 110 may bedisplayed on television screen 112. Adaptive browse display region 110may provide program listing information while television screen 112continues to include video of the program airing on the currently tunedchannel, Star Trek Deep Space Nine.

Adaptive browse display region 110 may be displayed when a user pressesan adaptive browse function key on remote control 80. Adaptive browsedisplay region 110 may include time portion 120, channel identificationportion 122, program information portion 124, time window portion 126,up-direction portion 128, down-direction portion 130, right-directionportion 132, and option 133 for selecting to use the current program indetermining programs for adaptive browse.

Time window portion 126 may include information identifying a programlisting time window.

Time window portion 126 may also include on-screen confirmation ofbrowse or adaptive browse mode. Channel identification portion 122 mayinclude an identification of a channel. Initially, channelidentification portion 122 may include an identification of thecurrently tuned channel. Program information portion 124 may includeinformation on a program airing on the channel identified in channelidentification portion 122 in the time window identified in time windowportion 126.

Initially, program information portion 124 may include information onthe current program being watched when adaptive browse display region110 is invoked, Star Trek Deep Space Nine on channel 9. Time portion 120may include an indication of the current time. Right-direction portion132 may include a right direction arrow indicating that information on afuture time window is available. Up-direction portion 128 anddown-direction portion 130 may include direction arrows indicating upand down channel browse availability. During the display of adaptivebrowse display region 110, the system may monitor the viewing activityof the user to determine one or more program attributes of theprogramming viewed by the user. For example, if the user has viewed thecurrent program for a predetermined minimum period or, if the user hasselected option 133 which indicates that the attributes of the currentprogram are to be used, the system may determine the genre programattribute for the current program. The system then locates programlistings for current programs that match that genre and displays thoseprogram listings in an adaptive flip or an adaptive browse display.Flip-type displays are displays that contain individual programlistings. Flip displays are activated whenever the user changes channelswith the channel up or down keys. The program listing in the flipdisplay is always in sync with the current channel. Browse-type displayscontain program listings that are not always in sync with the currentchannel. Rather, the user may use arrow keys to browse listings forprograms on other channels. The up and down arrow keys may change thechannel for the suggested program listing for browse-type displays andnot change the channel for the television program being displayed on theuser=s television screen. The user may browse future suggested programlistings by pressing a right arrow key.

Adaptive browse display screen 114 may be displayed on television screen116 when a user selects an up-navigation key 82 on a remote control 80from adaptive browse display region 110. As in television screen 112,television screen 116 includes video of the program airing on thecurrently tuned channel, Star Trek Deep Space Nine on channel 9.Adaptive browse display screen 114 may include program informationportion 134 that contains a viewing suggestion for a current program ona different channel. For example, program information portion 134 mayinclude information on a program, Babylon 5, that is currently beingshown on channel 112 and that is related by genre (science fiction) tothe current television program (Star Trek Deep Space Nine). Programinformation portion 134 may include the scheduled time and duration ofthe program.

Channel identification portion 136 of adaptive browse display region 114may include an identification of the channel, WKAX channel 112,associated with the program, Babylon 5, suggested in program informationportion 134. Each time the user presses up-navigation key 82 (FIG. 2),the system locates the next channel that has programming of the sametype as that being viewed by the user. The adaptive browse feature skipsover channels whose programming is not related to the programming to theprogramming on the current channel.

When the user selects an OK key while adaptive browse display region 114is being displayed, the channel identified in channel identificationportion 136, WKAX channel 112, may be tuned to and television screen 118may be displayed. Television screen 118 may include video of theprogram, Babylon 5, airing on the channel that was tuned to and theprogram may be identified in program information region 134.

As shown in FIG. 4, the adaptive browse function may be used to assistthe viewer in selecting future programming. The system may displayillustrative adaptive browse display region 136 on illustrativetelevision screen 138, illustrative adaptive browse display region 140on illustrative television screen 142, and illustrative adaptive browsedisplay region 144 on illustrative television screen 146. Televisionscreen 138 may include video of a program, Star Trek Deep Space Ninethat is airing on the channel to which user television equipment 58 iscurrently tuned channel, KTVJ channel 10. Adaptive browse mode may beinvoked using any suitable technique. For example, adaptive browse modemay be invoked when a user presses and holds a navigation key on remotecontrol 80 for a predetermined time period. Adaptive browse displayregion 136 may be displayed on television screen 138. Adaptive browsedisplay region 136 may provide program listing information whiletelevision screen 138 continues to include video of the program, StarTrek Deep Space Nine, that is airing on the channel to which usertelevision equipment 58 is currently tuned (KTVJ channel 10).

Adaptive browse display region 136 may include program informationportion 150, time portion 148, channel identification portion 152, timewindow portion 154, up-direction portion 156, down-direction portion158, and right-direction portion 160. Time portion 148 may indicate thecurrent time to be 8:45 PM. Initially, the scheduled time of the currentprogram, 8:00 PM to 9:00 PM, may be included in the program informationportion 150.

When a right-navigation key of a remote control is selected fromadaptive browse display region 136, adaptive browse display screen 140may be displayed on television screen 142. Adaptive browse displayscreen 140 may include the same display portions as adaptive browsedisplay region 136. Adaptive browse display region 140 may also includea left-direction portion 169. Left-direction portion 169 may include aleft direction arrow indicating that information for an earlier timewindow is available. As in television screen 138, television screen 142includes video of the program airing on the channel to which the systemis currently tuned, Star Trek Deep Space Nine on channel 10. Time windowportion 162 of adaptive browse display region 140 may includeinformation identifying a future time window. For example, time windowportion 162 may identify a 9:00 PM time window. Program informationportion 166 of adaptive browse display screen 140 may includeinformation on a program, NYPD Blue. The program, NYPD Blue, may be aprogram suggested for viewing based on characteristics of user-viewingactivity that the system determined when the viewer was watching StarTrek Deep Space Nine. Program information portion 166 may include thescheduled time and duration of the suggested program (e.g., 9:00 PM to10:00 PM in the example of FIG. 4). Channel identification portion 167of adaptive browse display region 140 may include an identification ofthe channel, KCNC channel 27, associated with the suggested program,NYPD Blue.

Selecting an OK key may indicate that a user is interested in accessingthe upcoming program identified in program information portion 166. Whena user selects an OK key from adaptive browse display region 140,adaptive browse display region 144 may be displayed on television screen146. Adaptive browse display region 144 may include set-reminder option168, record option 170, and order option 165 that are user-selectable.Set-reminder option 168 may provide an opportunity to set a reminder toview the program identified in program information region 166. Recordoption 170 may provide an opportunity to automatically record theprogram identified in program information region 166. Order option 165may provide an opportunity to order the upcoming program (e.g., pay perview program).

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive browse feature suchas the adaptive browse feature of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are shown in FIG. 5.Initially, the user adjusts any adjustable adaptive browse settings andbegins to watch television. At step 172, the program guide monitors theviewing and program guide activity of the user. Step 172 may involvedetermining which programs the user is watching (substep 172 a),determining when and for how long the user is watching certain programs(substep 172 b), determining the program attributes of the programsbeing viewed (step 172 c), and determining if the user has selected thecurrent program to be used in building a list of programs (step 172 d).The program attribute for the programs being viewed are stored in adatabase such as program listings database 64 of FIG. 1. When the userinvokes the adaptive browse feature, the system builds a list ofprograms from a program listings database such as program listingsdatabase 64 of FIG. 1 whose program attributes match (or are otherwisesimilar to) the program attributes of programming viewed by the user.The programming viewed by the user may be the current program beingviewed the last program viewed for a substantial length of time, or maybe general programming that the user has viewed.

The list may be built when the adaptive browse feature is firstactivated concurrently with step 172, or at any other suitable time. Atstep 174, the program guide may display an adaptive browse displayregion. The adaptive browse region may include a program listing for oneof the programs on the list that was built at step 172. The programlistings may be for either a current program or a future program. Theprogram listing may be selected by a user. When a user selects a programlisting for a current program, the program guide may tune to the channelairing the current program at step 176. When a user selects a programlisting for a future program, the program guide may display one or moreuser-selectable options related to the future program at step 178.

Another way in which the user may invoke and use the adaptive browsefeature is by pressing a dedicated adaptive browse function key wheneverthe user presses a navigation cursor key. This is shown in FIG. 6. Asshown in FIG. 6, the program guide of the present invention may displayillustrative adaptive browse display region 180 on illustrativetelevision screen 182, illustrative adaptive browse display region 184on illustrative television screen 186, and illustrative adaptive browsedisplay region 188 on illustrative television screen 190. Televisionscreen 182 may include video of a program airing on a channel currentlytuned to and being watched when adaptive browse display region 180 isinvoked. Television screen 182 may include video of a program, Star TrekDeep Space Nine, airing on a currently tuned channel, KTVJ channel 10.When a user presses an adaptive browse function key and a navigation keyof a remote control, adaptive browse display region 180 may be displayedon television screen 182. Adaptive browse display region 180 may includea program listing portion 192 for Star Trek Deep Space Nine. Programlisting portion 192 may include a program information portion and aprogram channel identification portion. Adaptive browse display region180 may also include current time portion 194 and time window portion196.

Time window portion 196 identifies the program listing time window ofinterest (e.g., the 8:00 PM time window). Current time portion 194 mayindicate the current time (e.g., 8:45 PM).

When a user selects an adaptive browse function key and aright-navigation key from adaptive browse display region 180, adaptivebrowse display screen 184 may be displayed on television screen 186. Asin television screen 182, television screen 186 may include video of theprogram airing on the currently tuned channel, Star Trek Deep Space Nineon channel 10.

Adaptive browse display region 184 may include time window portion 198identifying the program listing time of window of interest to be the9:00 PM time window. Adaptive browse display region 184 may includeprogram listing portion 200. Program listing portion 200 may identify aprogram, the movie Unforgiven staring Clint Eastwood on WKIK channel 22,as a viewing suggestion for the 9:00 PM time window based on the factthat the user was watching Star Trek Deep Space Nine (both programsinvolve action/adventure).

Adaptive browse display screen 188 may be displayed on television screen190 when a user selects an adaptive browse function key and adown-navigation key from adaptive browse display region 184. As intelevision screens 182 and 186, television screen 190 may include videoof the program airing on the currently tuned channel, Star Trek DeepSpace Nine on channel 10. Adaptive browse display region 188 may includetime window portion 199 identifying the program listing time window ofinterest to be the 9:00 PM time window. Adaptive browse display region188 may include program listing portion 202. Program listing portion 202may identify another program, Pale Rider on WOX channel 8, as anotherviewing suggestion for the 9:00 PM time window based on the fact thatPale Rider and Star Trek Deep Space Nine are both programs that involveaction/adventure. From adaptive browse display region 188, an OK key maybe selected to access user-selectable options such as record andset-reminder options related to Pale Rider on WOX channel 8 at 9:00 PM.

Thus, in addition to illustrating how a user may invoke and use theadaptive browse feature with a different set of remote control keys, theexample of FIG. 6 shows how the user may view suggested program listingsfor various future programs (based on the programming viewed by theuser) by using the right arrow key to move to a future time slot andsubsequently using the up/down arrow keys to browse the listings in thatslot that are related to the programming viewed by the user (e.g., thecurrent program, the last program viewed, or various programs recentlyviewed by the user).

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive browse feature suchas the adaptive browse feature of FIG. 6 are shown in FIG. 7. At step204, an adaptive browse display region may be displayed in response touser actions. Initially, program listing information for the programairing on the currently tuned channel may be included in the adaptivebrowse display region. At step 208, When a user presses an up or downnavigation key alone or in combination with other keys such as anadaptive browse function key (FIG. 6), an adaptive browse display regionfor a currently scheduled program on another channel may be displayed.At step 206, when a user presses a right-navigation key alone or incombination with other keys such as an adaptive browse function key(FIG. 6), an adaptive browse display region for a future-scheduledprogram may be displayed. At step 210, when a user presses aleft-navigation key alone or in combination with other keys such as anadaptive browse function key (FIG. 6), an adaptive browse display regionfor an earlier scheduled program may be displayed. A program listing fora currently scheduled program, for an earlier-scheduled program, or fora future-scheduled program may be determined for an adaptive browsedisplay screen based on characteristics of user-viewing activity.Additional adaptive display regions for currently scheduled,earlier-scheduled, or future-scheduled programs may be displayed inresponse additional remote control key strokes.

If desired, the adaptive browse feature may be invoked using a remotecontrol switch 96 of FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 8, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative adaptive browse display region 212 on illustrativetelevision screen 214. Adaptive browse display region 212 may be invokedwhen a user sets a remote control switch and presses a navigation key.Television screen 214 may include video of Star Trek Deep Space Ninewhich commenced airing on the currently tuned channel, KDND channel 9,at 8:00 PM and was being watched when adaptive browse display region 212was invoked. Television screen 214 may include an on-screen adaptivebrowse confirmation portion 216. On-screen adaptive browse confirmationportion 216 may indicate that the adaptive browse feature has beenenabled. On-screen adaptive browse confirmation portion 216 may be inthe form of text (e.g., ADAPTIVE BROWSE ON). An on-screen adaptivebrowse confirmation indicator may be provided whenever desired,regardless of which technique is used to invoke or enable the adaptivebrowse feature.

As shown in FIG. 9, the adaptive browse feature may be invoked when theuser presses an adaptive browse function key (such as adaptive browsefunction key 98 of FIG. 2) and a navigation key (such as one ofnavigation keys 82, 84, 86, and 88 of FIG. 2). the program guide of thepresent invention may display illustrative adaptive browse displayregion 218 on illustrative television screen 220. Adaptive browsedisplay region 218 may be invoked when a user presses an adaptive browsefunction key and a navigational key on a remote control. Televisionscreen 220 may include video of Star Trek Deep Space Nine whichcommenced airing on the currently tuned channel, KDND channel 9, at 8:00PM and was being watched when adaptive browse display region 218 wasinvoked. Television screen 214 may include an on-screen adaptive browseconfirmation portion 222. On-screen adaptive browse confirmation portion216 may be in the form of an icon. The icon may be a translucent figure.

As shown in FIG. 10, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative television screen 228 having an illustrativeL-shaped adaptive browse display region 224 and an illustrativereduced-size video display region 226. Adaptive browse display region224 may be invoked when a user presses a remote control navigation keyor other suitable technique. Video of Star Trek Deep Space Nine, whichhas commenced airing on the currently tuned channel, may be reduced insize and included in video display region 226 when adaptive browsedisplay region 224 is invoked. Adaptive browse display region 224 mayinclude an on-screen adaptive browse confirmation portion 230. Adaptivebrowse display region 224 is large enough that it typically has room formore information or options than adaptive browse display region 218 ofFIG. 9. Adaptive browse display region 224 may include programdescription portion 232, options portion 234, time window portion 236,channel identification portion 238, current time portion 240,up-direction portion 242, down-direction portion 244, andright-direction portion 246.

As shown in FIG. 11, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay a menu (illustrative navigator display screen 248), a setupscreen (illustrative browse setup display screen 250), and illustrativetelevision screen 252. Navigator display screen may include browse setupoption 254. Browse setup option 254 may be selected by positioninghighlight window 256 on browse setup option 254 and pressing a dataentry key (e.g. an OK key on a remote control). Browse setup displayscreen 250 may be displayed when a user selects browse setup option 254.

Browse setup display screen 250 may include adaptive browse option 258and may include Aon@ and Aoff@ portions 260 and 262 associated withadaptive browse option 258. Positioning highlight window 264 on Aon@portion 260 allows the user to adjust this setting so that the programguide browse feature is placed in adaptive mode (i.e., adaptive browsemode is enable). Selecting Aoff@ portion 262 disables adaptive browsingand enables only standard browsing (in which program listings for allchannels may be browsed, not just those related to the user=s viewingactivity). After enabling adaptive browse mode, a user may exit thebrowse setup display screen 250 to access television screen 252.

An adaptive browse confirmation may be displayed continuously wheneverthe adaptive browse feature has been enable (as opposed to aconventional browse feature) or only when adaptive browse mode isinvoked (i.e., during adaptive browsing). Illustrative steps involved inproviding an on-screen confirmation that the adaptive browse feature hasbeen enabled such as on-screen adaptive browse confirmation portion 216of FIG. 8 are shown in FIG. 12. At step 266, adaptive browse mode may beenabled by pressing a set of keys, turning on a switch, selecting anoption from a browse setup display screen, activating a set-top box,pressing a dedicated set-top box button, etc. At step 268, on-screenconfirmation that adaptive browse mode is on may be displayed.

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive browse displayregion in which the suggested program listing is based on the currentprogram the user is watching are shown in FIG. 13. At step 270, theprogram guide (or other application) may determine which programlistings in the program listings database (e.g., program listingsdatabase 64 of FIG. 1) have associated attributes (such as genre,rating, actors, etc.) that best match those of the currently displayedprogram. At step 272, an adaptive browse display region may be displayedfor each of the matching program listings.

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive browse displayregion in which the suggested program listing is based on the lastdisplayed program are shown in FIG. 14. At step 274, the program guide(or other application) may determine which program listings in theprogram listings database (e.g., program listings database 64 of FIG. 1)have associated attributes matching those of the last displayed program.The last displayed program is the last program which was viewed insubstantial length (e.g., 150 minutes or more, or 75% of its length). Atstep 276, an adaptive browse display region may be displayed for each ofthe matching program listings.

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive browse displayregion in which the suggested program listing is based on programsrecently viewed by the user are shown in FIG. 15. At step 278, theprogram guide (or other application) may determine which programlistings in the program listings database (e.g., program listingsdatabase 64 of FIG. 1) may have associated attributes matching those ofrecently-viewed programs (e.g., programs viewed in the last month, day,hour, etc.). At step 280, an adaptive browse display region may bedisplayed for each of the matching program listings. As with alladaptive flip and browse displays, the display region preferablycontains no more than one program listing at a time, which simplifiesthe viewing experience.

Illustrative steps involved in determining which adaptive browse programlistings have attributes similar to those of the current program areshown in FIG. 16 a. At step 282, the program guide (or otherapplication) may monitor a user=s viewing activity to determine whethera program currently being displayed has been viewed for at least apredetermined period of time (e.g., ten minutes). At step 284, theprogram guide (or other application) may build a list of programs thathave attributes similar to the attributes of the program that has beenviewed for the predetermined period. The list of programs may be builtusing information from a program listings database maintained on theuser television equipment or other suitable location (e.g., at atelevision distribution facility).

Illustrative steps involved in determining which adaptive browse programlistings are similar to those of the last viewed program are shown inFIG. 16 b. At step 286, the program guide (or other application) maydetermine the last displayed program that was substantially viewed(e.g., a channel airing a program was tuned to for seventy five percentof the program length). At step 288, the program guide (or otherapplication) may build a list of programs that have properties similarto the properties of the last viewed program. The list of programs maybe built from a program listings database such as program listingsdatabase 64 at user television equipment 58 (FIG. 1).

Illustrative steps involved in determining which adaptive browse programlistings have attributes similar to those of recently viewed programmingare shown in FIG. 16 c. At step 290, the program guide (or otherapplication) may monitor user program viewing activity to train anadaptive learning algorithm (e.g., a neural network algorithm or othersuitable algorithm). The training period may be, for example, severalhours, several days, or more, and may be open-ended if desired. At step292, the program guide (or other application) may build a list ofprograms from a program listings database using the trained adaptivelearning algorithm.

As shown in FIG. 17, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative navigator display screen 294, illustrative setupdisplay screen 296, and illustrative adaptive browse criteria settingsdisplay screen 298. Navigator display screen may include setup option300. Setup option 300 may be selected by positioning highlight window302 on setup option 300 and pressing an OK key on a remote control.

Setup display screen 296 may be displayed when a user selects setupoption 300. Setup display screen 296 may include adaptive browsecriteria settings option 304 among other user-selectable options.Adaptive browse criteria settings option 304 may be selected bypositioning highlight window 306 on adaptive browse criteria settingsoption 304 and pressing an OK key.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 298 may be displayedwhen a user selects adaptive browse criteria setting option 304.Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 298 may include selectalgorithm option 310. Select algorithm option 310 may provide anopportunity to select as the algorithm to be used in building a list ofprograms an algorithm based on (for example): (a) current programattributes, (b) last-viewed program attributes, or (c) attributesdetermined using an adaptive learning algorithm. The user may use option310 to select one of these three types of algorithms. When the selectedalgorithm is set to current program attributes or last displayed programattributes, adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 298 mayinclude criteria settings display region 308. Criteria setting displayregion 308 may include a list of program attribute criteria (e.g.,genre, title, actor, channel, rating, scheduled duration, etc.) andadjustable importance settings (weights) associated with each criteria.Importance settings may be modified using a remote control or othersuitable user input interface (e.g., track ball).

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 298 may includelearning time option 312. Learning time option 312 may be used to setthe minimum viewing duration of a current or last-viewed program beforethe attributes of the program may be used to build a list of programs. Auser may have the opportunity to override the minimum viewing durationby selecting option 133 of FIG. 3 for manually selecting the currentprogram for building a list of programs without waiting the minimumviewing duration. When building a list of programs matching theattributes of a current or last-viewed program, a program=s attributesmay be compared to attributes associated with program listings in aprogram listings database (e.g., program listings database 64) and maybe weighted using the importance settings.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 298 may include useridentification option 314 for associating different adaptive browsecriteria settings with each user in a household. User identificationoption 314 may identify the displayed settings to be associated withuser Mike. User identification option 314 may be selected to scanthrough a list of users.

Illustrative steps involved in using a training algorithm to determinewhich adaptive browse program listings have attributes similar to viewedprogramming are shown in FIG. 18. At step 316, the program guide maytrain a neural network (for example) using information gathered whilemonitoring user program viewing activity. This information may includeprogram related parameters that can be tagged to a program such as genreof viewed programs, actors of viewed programs, title of viewed programs,scheduled length of viewed programs, rating of viewed programs,percentages of the lengths of the programs view, etc. At step 318, theprogram guide may build a list of programs for the adaptive browsedisplay using the trained neural network (e.g., by applying attributesassociated with each program listing to the trained neural network toobtain an indication of a likelihood of user interest in that program).

Illustrative steps involved in training a neural network such as at step316 of FIG. 18 are shown in more detail in FIG. 19. At step 320, theprogram guide (or other application) may monitor the television viewingactivities of a user to gather information on the user=s programminginterests. At step 322, the program guide (or other application) mayapply the information on the programming interests of the user to aneural network to train the neural network. The information on theprogramming interests may include program related parameters that can betagged to a program such as program genre, program length, programrating, program content rating, program actors, and title, and may alsoinvolve data on the percentage of programs viewed. This information maybe used as training stimuli for the neural network.

As shown in FIG. 20, if the program guide (or other application) of thepresent invention uses a neural network, it may display illustrativenavigator display screen 324, illustrative setup display screen 326, andillustrative adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 328.Navigator display screen 324 may include setup option 330. Setup option330 may be selected by positioning highlight window 332 on setup option330 and pressing a remote control OK key. Setup display screen 326 maybe displayed when a user selects setup option 330. Setup display screen326 may include adaptive browse criteria settings option 334 and otheruser-selectable options. Adaptive browse criteria settings option 334may be selected by positioning highlight window 336 on adaptive browsecriteria settings option 334 and pressing an OK key.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 328 may be displayedwhen a user selects adaptive browse criteria setting option 334.Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 328 may include selectalgorithm option 338. Select algorithm option 338 may provide anopportunity to select the algorithm to be used in building a list ofprograms using current displayed program attributes, last displayedprogram attributes, or a neural network. When the selected algorithm isthe neural network algorithm as shown in FIG. 20, adaptive browsecriteria settings display screen 328 may include neural network criteriasetting display region 340. Criteria setting display region 340 mayinclude a list of selectable options related to user viewing activity.These may include program attributes such as genre, title, actor,channel, rating, and scheduled duration, and other criteria such aspercentage of program viewed, etc. Criteria setting display region 340may include status settings associated with each characteristic. Statussettings may be set to be either enabled or disabled. When a statussetting is set to be enabled, the characteristic associated with thestatus setting may be used in the neural network.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 328 may includelearning time option 342. Learning time option 342 may be used to setthe minimum viewing duration of a program before the program relatedcharacteristics are used in training the neural network. The user mayhave the opportunity to override the minimum viewing duration byselecting option 133 of FIG. 3 for manually selecting the currentprogram for training the neural network without waiting the minimumviewing duration. To build a list of programs, program attributes, andthe characteristics of viewed programs are applied to the neural networkto train the neural network. Subsequently, the characteristics ofvarious current and future programs may be applied to the trained neuralnetwork. The resulting output of the trained network provides anindicator of the likelihood of user interest in those programs.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 328 may include useridentification option 344 for associating different settings with eachuser. User identification option 344 may identify the displayed settingsto be associated with user Mike. A user may select user identificationoption 344 and scan through a list of users. In addition, useridentification portion 344 may be used to log in a user to commencetraining the neural network based on the programs that are viewed by theuser. A user may alternatively log in from a separate log-in displayscreen, a set-up menu, etc.

Another way in which users may adjust the network is shown in FIG. 21.As shown in FIG. 21, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative adaptive browse criteria display screen 348 andillustrative adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 350.Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 348 may include adjustneural network training option 352. Adjust neural network trainingoption 352 may be selected by positioning a highlight window on adjustneural network training option 352 and pressing an OK key. In response,adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 350, which hasadjustment option 354, may be displayed. Adjustment option 354 mayinclude a list of programs viewed by a user and a rating associated witheach program on the list. Each rating may be set or adjusted by a userto fine tune the performance of the trained neural network. Adaptivebrowse criteria setting display screen 350 may include add/select option353 for adding a program as a training stimulus or selecting to ignorecertain programming in training the neural network (e.g., news, sports,etc.). When a user selects add/select option 353, adaptive browsecriteria setting display screen 349 may be displayed. Display screen 349may include add/select region 351 which provides the user with anopportunity to identify a program to be used in training the neuralnetwork or to select types of programs to ignore in training the neuralnetwork.

The foregoing discussion has focused on the use of adaptive browsedisplays, which allows a user to browse suggested program listings onchannels and at times other than the time and channel of the currentprogram being watched while still displaying the current program.Another aspect of the invention relates to adaptive flip displays inwhich the user is presented with suggested listings while changingchannels.

As shown in FIG. 22, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay adaptive flip display region 348 on illustrative televisionscreen 350, illustrative adaptive flip display region 352 onillustrative television screen 354, and illustrative adaptive flipdisplay region 356 on illustrative television screen 358. Adaptive flipdisplay region 348 may be displayed on television screen 350 when a userpresses an adaptive flip function key of a remote control (e.g.,adaptive flip function key 100 of FIG. 2). Television screen 350 mayinclude video of a program airing on the channel currently tuned to andbeing watched when adaptive flip display region 348 is invoked.Television screen 350 may include video of episode AX@ of NYPD Bluewhich commenced airing on channel 4 at 9:00 PM and which was beingwatched when adaptive flip display region 348 was invoked. If desired,the adaptive flip feature may be invoked when the user starts changingchannels, in which case the first channel displayed is other than thechannel that was being watched when the flip mode was invoked.

Adaptive flip display region 348 may include time portion 360, channelidentification portion 362, program information portion 364,up-direction portion 366, down-direction portion 368, on-screenconfirmation portion 370, and option 371 for selecting the currentprogram for determining programs for adaptive flip.

Channel identification portion 362 may include an identification of achannel. In flip mode, channel identification portion 362 includes anidentification of the currently tuned channel. Program informationportion 364 may include information on a program airing on the currentlytuned channel. Time portion 360 may include an indication of the currenttime. Up-direction portion 366 and down-direction portion 368 mayinclude direction arrows indicating that the user may change channels ineither the up or down direction. On-screen confirmation portion 370 mayprovide a confirmation that the flip feature has been invoked. Inaddition, on-screen confirmation 370 may also provide a confirmationthat the flip feature is in adaptive mode (i.e., that the adaptive flipfeature has been enabled). This allows the user to toggle betweenadaptive flip mode and regular flip mode if desired. The user may alsotoggle between adaptive browse mode and regular browse mode if desired.

When the user presses an up-channel key, the system locates a viewingsuggestion on the nearest adjacent channel in the up direction and tunesto that channel. If the user selects Ause current program for adaptiveflip@ option 371, attributes of the current program, Episode X of NYPDBlue, may be used in determining viewing suggestions for the user.Adaptive flip display region 352 may be displayed, the channelidentified in adaptive flip display region 352 may be updated, and videoof the program airing on the new channel may be displayed. Adaptive flipdisplay region 352 may include program information portion 372. Programinformation portion 372 may include information on a program airing onthe currently tuned channel, episode AZ@ of NYPD Blue. The program,episode AZ@ of NYPD Blue, is a viewing suggestion determined based onthe user=s programming interests as determined by the user=s viewingactivity. Program information portion 372 may include the scheduled timeand duration of episode AZ@ of NYPD Blue. Channel identification portion374 of adaptive flip display region 352 may include an identification ofthe channel, KAB channel 120, that is associated with episode AZ@ ofNYPD Blue.

Television screen 354 may include video of episode AZ@ of NYPD Bluecurrently airing on KAB channel 120. Up-direction portion 388 anddown-direction portion 386 may indicate that the user may changechannels in either the up or down directions.

Television screen 354 may include on-screen confirmation portion 376.On-screen confirmation portion 376 may be in the form of an iconproviding an alternative form of on-screen confirmation for adaptivemode. On-screen confirmations such as on-screen confirmation portion370, on-screen confirmation portion 376, or any other such suitableindicator may be used in combination or separately and may be presentedon any suitable display screens when appropriate.

If the user is interested in tuning to the channels for additionalsuggested current programs, the user may again press the up-channel key.This causes the system to tune to the channel for another suggestedprogram. Adaptive flip display region 356 may then be displayed, thechannel identified in adaptive flip display region 356 may be updated,and video of the program airing on the new channel may be displayed.

Adaptive flip display region 356 may include program information portion378. Program information portion 378 may include information on asuggested program, Homicide, airing on the new channel to which the usertelevision equipment is current tuned. The program, Homicide, is aviewing suggestion for the current time window based on the user=sprogramming interests as determined based on the user=s viewingactivity. Program information portion 378 may include the scheduled timeand duration of the suggested program. Channel identification portion380 of adaptive flip display region 356 may include an identification ofthe channel, KCD channel 150, associated with the suggested program(Homicide).

Television screen 358 may include video of Homicide currently airing onKCD channel 150. Program suggestions for the adaptive flip feature maybe based on the same types of criteria used when making programsuggestions for the adaptive browse feature. In particular, the systemmay monitor the user=s viewing activity to determine user=s programminginterests based on the program the user is currently viewing, the lastprogram viewed, or the user=s general viewing habits. Suggested programsmay be identified by comparing the program attributes (genre, title,actors, rating, etc.) of the user=s programming interests with theprogram listings database to locate matches.

Television screen 358 may include on-screen confirmation portion 390.On-screen confirmation portion 390 may be in the form of text or othersuitable form of on-screen confirmation of the adaptive mode.

If desired, the adaptive flip feature may be provided in a configurationin which the current program is shown in a reduced size video window. Asshown in FIG. 23, the program guide of the present invention may displayillustrative television screen 392 having illustrative adaptive flipdisplay region 394 and illustrative video display region 396,illustrative television screen 398 having illustrative adaptive flipdisplay region 400 and illustrative video display region 402, andillustrative television screen 420. Video display region 396 oftelevision screen 392 may include a reduced-size video of a programairing on the channel currently tuned to and being watched when adaptiveflip display region 394 was invoked. Adaptive flip display regions suchas adaptive flip display region 394 typically have room for moreinformation or options than adaptive flip display regions such asadaptive flip display region 348 of FIG. 22. Adaptive flip displayregion 394 may include time portion 406, channel identification portion408, program information portion 410, up-direction portion 412,down-direction portion 414, and on-screen confirmation portion 416, anduser-selectable options portion 418.

When the adaptive flip feature is invoked, channel identificationportion 408 includes an identification of the currently tuned channel.Program information portion 410 includes information on the programairing on the channel identified in channel identification portion 408(e.g., Star Trek Deep Space Nine on KDND channel 9). The channel listedin channel identification portion 408 is the same channel that isdisplayed in video display region 396. Time portion 406 may include anindication of the current time. Up-direction portion 412 anddown-direction portion 414 may include direction arrows indicating upand down channel flip availability.

On-screen confirmation portion 416 may provide a confirmation that theadaptive flip feature has been activated. If the program guide supportsboth a regular flip feature (that tunes all channels) and an adaptiveflip feature, on-screen confirmation 416 may provide a confirmation whenthe flip feature is in adaptive mode. User-selectable options portion418 may include user-selectable program guide options. Such options mayallow the user to set parental controls, set favorites, etc.

Television screen 398 having an adaptive flip display region 400 andvideo display region 402 may be displayed when the user presses anup-navigation key of a remote control while adaptive flip display region394 is displayed. Adaptive flip display region 400 may include programinformation portion 404. Program information portion 404 may includeinformation on a suggested program (Babylon 5) for a viewing in thecurrent time window. The program, Babylon 5, may be identified as aviewing suggestion based on the user=s viewing activity. Programinformation portion 404 may include the scheduled time and duration ofthe program.

Channel identification portion 406 of adaptive flip display region 398may include an identification of the channel, WKAX channel 112,associated with the program, Babylon 5. Simultaneous to displayingadaptive flip display region 400, the system tunes to the channelassociated with the program (KAB channel 120) and displays the programin video display region 402. The program may be displayed as a reducedsize video. Up-direction portion 388 and down-direction portion 386 maybe used to indicate availability of the flip feature in the up and downdirections.

If the user presses the OK key while adaptive flip display region 400 isbeing displayed, the system will remove adaptive flip display region 400and display the suggested program on a full television screen(television screen 420 in the example of FIG. 23). If desired, thesuggested program may be displayed in this way when the user presses aremote control exit key of a remote control, does not take an action fora predetermined period of time, or otherwise indicates an interest infull-screen viewing. Television screen 420 may includenormal-aspect-ratio video of the suggested program, Babylon 5, airing onthe currently tuned channel.

Illustrative steps involved in providing an adaptive flip feature suchas the adaptive flip features illustratively shown in FIG. 22 and FIG.23 are shown in FIG. 24. At step 422, a list of suggested programs maybe built for adaptive flip based on the television viewing activity ofthe user. The list of programs may be built from information stored in aprogram listings database (e.g., program listings database 64 of FIG.24). When a user presses an up or down channel key (such as keys 92 or94 in FIG. 2), the system tunes to the next channel on which one of thesuggested programs appears and displays the adaptive flip display (step424). For example, if the user presses the up channel key, the systemtunes to the next highest channel on which a suggested program on thelist is being displayed. Intervening channels that contain non-suggestedprograms are skipped.

As shown in FIG. 25, the program guide of the present invention mayallow the user to adjust flip settings. The program guide may displayillustrative navigator display screen 426, illustrative flip setupdisplay screen 428, and illustrative television screen 430. Navigatordisplay screen 426 may include flip setup option 432. Flip setup option432 may be selected by positioning highlight window 434 on flip setupoption 432 and pressing an OK key. Flip setup display screen 428 may bedisplayed when a user selects flip setup option 432. Flip setup displayscreen 428 may include adaptive flip option 436 and may include Aon@ andAoff@ portions 438 and 440 associated with adaptive flip option 436.Positioning highlight flip 442 on Aon@ portion 438 may place the programguide flip feature in adaptive mode (i.e., selecting AON@ enables theadaptive flip feature). Subsequently, flip setup display screen 428 maybe exited and television screen 430 may be displayed. When the userpresses an up or down channel key to activate flip, the program guideautomatically activates the adaptive flip feature.

Illustrative steps involved in providing an on-screen confirmation of anadaptive flip feature such as on-screen adaptive flip confirmationportion 370 of FIG. 22 are shown in FIG. 26. At step 442, adaptive flipmode may be enabled for example by pressing a function key, selecting anoption from a browse setup display screen, pressing a dedicated buttonon a set-top box, etc. At step 444, on-screen confirmation of adaptiveflip mode may be displayed. On-screen confirmation may be displayed atstep 444 when a user invokes adaptive flip. A user may invoke adaptiveflip by pressing an up or down channel key, by pressing and holding anup or down channel key for a period of time, by pressing a remotecontrol adaptive flip function key followed by an up or down channelkey, etc. For the flip (or the browse) feature, if the user presses anadaptive flip (or browse) function key just prior to previously usingthe adaptive flip (or browse) feature, the user need not have enabledthe adaptive flip (or browse) mode. If the user invokes the adaptivefunction by pressing a channel up or down key or other such technique,and if the program guide (or other application) supports both a regularflip (or browse) function and an adaptive flip (or browse) function,then the user may be provided with an opportunity to toggle betweenregular flip and browse mode (adaptive flip or browse is disabled) andadaptive flip or browse mode (adaptive flip or browse is enabled).

As shown in FIG. 27, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative navigator display screen 446, illustrative setupdisplay screen 448, and illustrative adaptive flip criteria settingsdisplay screen 450. Navigator display screen 446 may include setupoption 460. Setup option 460 may be selected by positioning highlightregion 462 on setup option 460 and pressing an OK key. Setup displayscreen 448 may be displayed when the user selects setup option 460.Setup display screen 448 may include adaptive flip criteria settingsoption 464 and other user-selectable options. Adaptive flip criteriasettings option 464 may be selected by positioning highlight region 466on adaptive flip criteria settings option 464 and pressing an OK key.

Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 450 may be displayed whena user selects adaptive flip criteria settings option 464. Adaptive flipcriteria settings display screen 450 may include select algorithm option452. Select algorithm option 452 may provide the user with anopportunity to select the algorithm to be used in building the list ofsuggested programs for the adaptive flip feature using current programattributes, using last displayed program attributes, or using anadaptive learning algorithm.

When the selected algorithm is current program attributes or lastdisplayed program attributes, adaptive flip criteria settings displayscreen 450 may include criteria setting display region 454. Criteriasetting display region 454 may include a list of program attributecriteria (e.g., genre, title, actor, channel, rating, scheduledduration, etc.) and may include adjustable importance settingsassociated with each program attribute criteria. Importance settings maybe modified by the user using a remote control or other suitable form ofdata entry.

Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 450 may also includelearning time option 456. Learning time option 456 may be used to setthe minimum viewing duration for the current or last-viewed programafter which the attributes of the program are used to build the list ofsuggested programs. A user may have the opportunity to override theminimum viewing duration by selecting option 371 of FIG. 22 for manuallyselecting the current program for building a list of programs withoutwaiting the minimum viewing duration. To build the list of suggestedprograms, attributes of the currently viewed or last-viewed program maybe weighted using the importance settings.

The resulting weighted attributes may be compared to attributesassociated with program listings in a program listings database (e.g.,program listings database 64). The program listings with attributes thatmost closely match the weighted attributes are used as programsuggestions.

Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 450 may include useridentification option 458 for associating different adaptive flipcriteria settings with each user. User identification option 458 mayidentify the displayed settings to be associated with user Mike. Useridentification option 458 may be selected by the user, so that the usermay scan through a list of users. Later, when a given user is using theprogram guide (or other application), the user may direct the system touse that user=s settings (including that user=s adaptive flip andadaptive browse criteria settings).

As shown in FIG. 28, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative navigator display screen 459, illustrative setupdisplay screen 460, and illustrative adaptive flip criteria settingsdisplay screen 463. Navigator display screen 459 may include setupoption 464. Setup option 464 may be selected by positioning highlightregion 466 on setup option 464 and pressing an OK key. Setup displayscreen 460 may be displayed when a user selects setup option 464. Setupdisplay screen 460 may include adaptive flip criteria settings option468 and other user-selectable options. Adaptive flip criteria settingsoption 468 may be selected by positioning highlight region 470 onadaptive flip criteria settings option 468 and pressing an OK key.

Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 462 may be displayed whena user selects adaptive flip criteria settings option 460. Adaptive flipcriteria settings display screen 462 may include select algorithm option476. Select algorithm option 476 may provide an opportunity for the userto select the algorithm to be used to building the list of suggestedprograms for the adaptive browse feature using current programattributes, last displayed program attributes, or a neural network. Whenthe selected algorithm is the neural network algorithm, adaptive browsecriteria settings display screen 462 may include neural network criteriasetting display option 474. Criteria setting display option 474 mayinclude a list of program attributes (e.g., genre, title, actor,channel, rating, scheduled duration, etc.), other criteria such aspercentage of program viewed, and status settings associated with eachcriteria. The list of program attributes may also include other relatedparameters that can be tagged to a program. Status settings may be setto be either enabled or disabled. A listed criteria may be used in aneural network when the associated status setting is set to enabled.

Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 462 may also includelearning time option 472. Learning time option 472 may be used to setthe minimum time that a program must be viewed before theprogram-related criteria may be used for training the neural network.The user may have the opportunity to override the minimum viewingduration by selecting option 371 of FIG. 22 for manually selecting thecurrent program for training the neural network without waiting theminimum viewing duration. Criteria of viewed programs may be applied toa neural network to train the neural network. To build a list ofsuggested programs, the program attributes of various current and futureprograms may be applied to the trained neural network to provide anindicator of a likelihood of user interest in each of these programs.

Adaptive browse criteria settings display screen 462 may include useridentification option 480 for associating a different settings withusers. For example, user identification option 480 may identify thedisplayed settings as being associated with user Mike. Useridentification option 480 may be used to scan through a list of programguide users. This allows the settings for any desired user to bechanged.

As shown in FIG. 29, the program guide of the present invention maydisplay illustrative adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 482and illustrative adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 486.Adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 482 may include adjustneural network training option 484. Adjust neural network trainingoption 484 may be selected by positioning a highlight window on adjustneural network training option 484 and pressing an OK key. In response,adaptive flip criteria settings display screen 486 may be displayedwhich includes adjustment option 488. Adjustment option 488 may includea list of programs viewed by a user and a rating associated with eachprogram on the list. Each rating may be adjusted by the user to tune theperformance of the trained neural network. Adaptive flip criteriasetting display screen 486 may include add/select option 483 for addinga program as a training stimulus or selecting to ignore certainprogramming in training the neural network. When a user selectsadd/select option 483, adaptive flip criteria setting display screen 485may be displayed. Display screen 485 may include add/select region 487which provides the user with an opportunity to identify a program to beused in training the neural network or to select types of programs toignore in training the neural network.

The program guide may allow a user to access a list of suggestedprograms. For example, as shown in FIG. 29, the program guide maydisplay grid display screen 500, pop-up display region 502 on televisionscreen 504, or grid display region 506 on television screen 508. Griddisplay screen 500, pop-up display region 502, and grid display region506 may each include program listings for suggested programs determinedas discussed above based on the attributes of user viewed programming(e.g., the current program, the last program viewed, programming ingeneral that the user has recently viewed, or the program attributes ofsome other suitable set of programming). User access to grid displayscreen 500, pop-up display screen 502, and grid display region 506 maybe provided by selecting an Aother shows@ option 510, by selecting alist option 512, or by pressing a predetermined remote control key.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this inventionand various modifications can be made by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

1-177. (canceled)
 178. A method for recommending television programmingto a user in an adaptive flip feature based on the viewing habits of auser, comprising: displaying available program attributes; allowing theuser to select which available program attributes are to be used torecommend television programming to the user; monitoring whichtelevision programming is viewed by the user; identifying programlistings related to the monitored television programming based on theselected program attributes; and allowing the user to tune to only thosechannels that are associated with the identified program listings whenthe user changes channels.